Spotted Hyena Bio-Inspired Optimization Clustering and Ford Distributing Shortest Routing for Efficient Communication in Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) contain sensor nodes that transmit with each other using only wireless channels. They are deployed in unreachable regions to gather information about the circumstances. Nonetheless, sensor nodes have limited energy, which poses a significant challenge to expanding Network Lifetime (NL). Therefore, the most crucial issue is to reduce nodes' energy consumption and increase the NL. To cope with these problems, this research uses the Ford Distributing Shortest Routing Protocol (FDSRP) with Spotted Hyena Bio-inspired Optimization (SHBiO) technique for efficient data transmission in WSN. Initially, the proposed forms Cluster Members (CMs) using the Reliable Congestion Free Node Selection (RCFNS) method. Based on the CMs, the optimal Cluster Head (CH) picks using the SHBiO method. Subsequently, the proposed FDSRP protocol finds the shortest path between CH and the Base Station (BS). This proposed protocol works based on a proactive process to transmit packets. The proposed simulation experiment is conducted in a Network Simulator version 2 (NS2) environment. Analysis shows the proposed method produces significantly better throughput, packet transmission, and drop rate while consuming less energy than other methods.