Multi-Objective Pelican Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Placement of EVCSs and DGs in Radial Distribution Networks

Abstract

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles poses considerable challenges for the operation of radial distribution networks, due to the increased burden and voltage issues at electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS). This paper introduces the Pelican optimization algorithm (POA) for the optimization of distributed generators (DG) to alleviate the negative effects of EVCS loading on the distribution system. Five cases of DG are examined: Type-I (unity power factor), Type-II (reactive power only), Type-IIIA (power factor of 0.85), Type-IIIB (power factor of 0.9), and Type-IIIC (optimized power factor). The proposed methodology is validated by implementing it on two test systems, and the obtained POA results are compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) results. Type-IIIC DG provides the best overall performance, achieving an impressive 90.39% loss reduction for the IEEE-33-bus system and a remarkable 98.02% reduction for the 69-bus system, and also ensures excellent voltage stability. Type-II DG shows poor performance and is considered unsuitable for practical applications. POA has shown strong effectiveness in achieving the desired objectives, especially with multi-DG configurations