Geometric-Compositional and Combinatorial Models of the Formation of Shell Architectural Systems in the Context of Organizational and Technological Support of the Life Cycle of Medical Buildings

Abstract

The article considers theoretical, methodological, and applied aspects of forming shell architectural systems in the design of medical buildings from the perspective of geometric-compositional and combinatorial approaches. The study aims to generalize modern scientific approaches to the formation of shell systems as integrated architectural and technological structures that determine the spatial organization, structural feasibility, and functional flexibility of medical buildings throughout their life cycle. Particular attention is paid to the role of shell geometry in the formation of the architectural structure of buildings and the possibilities of applying parametric and modular solutions in design practice. The study systematizes the main types of shell architectural systems, in particular cylindrical, spherical, double-curved shells (hyperbolic paraboloids), minimal and parametric surfaces, and summarizes the feasibility of their use in various functional areas of medical buildings. Typological tables have been compiled that reflect the geometric, structural, and planning and functional characteristics of shell systems in the context of their architectural application. It is shown that open geometric-compositional and combinatorial models play the role of a tool for forming variant planning and structural solutions, allowing the combination of typical geometric and structural modules depending on the functional and technological requirements of medical institutions. This approach provides the possibility of adapting the spatial structure of buildings without fundamentally changing their load-bearing systems. A qualitative relationship has been established between the geometry of shell systems and organizational and technological processes at the stages of design, construction, and operation of medical buildings. A summary of scientific and design solutions shows that the use of shell architectural systems contributes to increasing the spatial flexibility and architectural adaptability of buildings during their reconstruction and functional modernization. The results obtained can be used in the practice of architectural and BIM design of medical buildings, in the development of concepts for adaptive healthcare facilities, as well as in scientific and educational activities in architectural design.