Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based AWD Irrigation Monitoring Prototype for a Rice Field in Minahasa, Indonesia

Ryan Laksmana Singgeta; Lianly Rompis; Ignatia Rosali Honandar

doi:10.5935/jetia.v11i56.2886

Autores/as

Ryan Laksmana Singgeta Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado, P.O BOX 95253, Manado, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-5176 (no autenticado)
Lianly Rompis Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7841-1262 (no autenticado)
Ignatia Rosali Honandar Department of Economics and Business, Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado, P.O BOX 95253, Manado, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6480-0244 (no autenticado)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5935/jetia.v11i56.2886

Resumen

Efficient water management is vital for sustainable rice cultivation, particularly in regions that still rely on conventional irrigation practices. This study presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based irrigation monitoring prototype implementing the Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) method in a rice field plot in Minahasa, Indonesia. The experimental site covers 331.44 m², representing a typical smallholder rice field in the region. The system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller with an A02YYUW ultrasonic sensor for water-level measurement, a DHT20 sensor for temperature and humidity monitoring, and an FC-37 sensor for rainfall detection. Sensor data are processed locally, transmitted via Wi-Fi to the ThingSpeak cloud platform, and displayed on a 0.96-inch OLED module. Powered by a 6 V, 3.8 W solar panel and a rechargeable Li-ion battery, the system operates autonomously with low power consumption. Field testing demonstrated high measurement performance, achieving R² = 0.9994, MAE = 0.18 cm, RMSE = 0.24 cm, and an overall accuracy of 96.78%. The prototype effectively detected AWD thresholds and provided real-time alerts through ThingSpeak, offering a reliable and energy-efficient solution for precision irrigation.