Comparative Analysis of Different Biomass Gasification Technologies for Syngas Production

Resumen

This research focused on evaluating and comparing biomass gasification technologies such as fluidized bed gasifiers, molten bed gasifiers, entrained bed gasifiers, plasma gasifiers, parallel flow gasifiers, and countercurrent flow gasifiers for the production of synthesis gas, with the aim of identifying which offers the best balance between efficiency, costs, and environmental sustainability. To achieve this, multiple studies and technical articles addressing both the gasification process and the characteristics of syngas and biomass sources were reviewed. The analysis considers key aspects such as operating temperature, biomass conversion to syngas, energy efficiency, operating costs, and minimization of negative environmental impacts. Plasma and molten bath gasifiers operate at higher temperatures, while entrained bed and dual fluidized bed gasifiers stand out for having the highest thermal efficiencies, between 80% and 90%. Plasma gasifiers are the most efficient in terms of generating low levels of CO₂, methane, and solid waste. The choice of gasifier type depends on the budget, production capacity, and characteristics of the biomass.