IoT-Based Fire Accident-Avoidance System in EV Vehicle

Resumen

Electric Vehicle (EV) battery systems are highly susceptible to thermal runaway and fire hazards due to voltage instability and excessive temperature rise. This paper presents an IoT-based real-time fire detection and intelligent thermal management system designed to enhance EV battery safety and reliability. The proposed system employs an Arduino Nano integrated with LM35 temperature sensors, voltage monitoring modules, and a flame detection unit to continuously monitor battery health parameters. When the temperature exceeds a predefined safety threshold of 45°C, an automatic cooling mechanism is activated, and alert notifications are generated through LCD display, buzzer, and cloud-based IoT dashboard. Experimental validation shows that the system detects abnormal thermal conditions within 1.8 seconds and reduces battery temperature by approximately 12–15°C within 90 seconds of cooling activation. The proposed architecture offers a low-cost, scalable, and energy-efficient solution for enhancing battery lifespan and preventing fire accidents in electric vehicles.