Optimization-Algorithm-Based FSS-Assisted Microstrip and SIW Antennas for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications: Comparative Evaluation of Four Designs

Resumo

As the number of users is increasing daily, the generation of network systems has been developed every 10 years to cover all users and smart devices. 5G application is a new generation that came with new applications. 5G works at millimeter wave. However, antennas at millimeter wave have losses. The ring shape of FSS has been introduced depending on Substrate-integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology. SIW has loses at millimeter wave comes from the distance between vias this leads to unwanted radiation with low gain high side lob, this problem has been solved by controlling the distance between vias to minimize the loses between vias, SIW antenna and microstrip antenna have been design at higher frequency, furthermore SIW antenna has been with and without slot. The SIW slot antenna has been integrated with the FSS ring, and the proposed design achieved good performance. The parameters of the SIW slot antenna with FSS achieved a high gain of 11.8dBi, a bandwidth of 2.28 GHz, and an efficiency of 94%. According to the results, the design is adequate for 5G applications. In addition, the periodic distance between adjacent FSS unit cells was optimized using a real-coded genetic algorithm to maximize broadside gain while maintaining good impedance matching around the 26–28 GHz 5G band.