Gold removal from gold-bearing ore using alpha-cyclodextrin: Response surface methodology and artificial neural analysis network optimizations

Meschack Mukunga Muanda; Pele Pascal Daniel Omalanga; Vanessa Mwambaie Mitonga; Michée Ngoy Ilunga

doi:10.5935/jetia.v9i42.879

Autores

Meschack Mukunga Muanda Universidade de Alexandria, Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Alexandria, Egito http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-7873 (não autenticado)
Pele Pascal Daniel Omalanga Universidade de Lubumbashi, Faculdade Politécnica, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Lubumbashi, República Democrática do Congo http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-9957 (não autenticado)
Vanessa Mwambaie Mitonga Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Escola de Engenheiros Industriais, Universidade de Lubumbashi, República Democrática do Congo http://orcid.org/0009-0008-2010-4073 (não autenticado)
Michée Ngoy Ilunga Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica (Engenharia de Computação), Escola de Engenheiros Industriais, Universidade de Lubumbashi, República Democrática do Congo http://orcid.org/0009-0006-4963-8584 (não autenticado)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5935/jetia.v9i42.879

Resumo

Este artigo explora o uso de alfa ciclodextrina (α-CD) para extração de ouro de minério aurífero na República Democrática do Congo (RDC). A pesquisa visa identificar as condições ótimas de remoção de ouro usando Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (RSM) e Redes Neurais Artificiais (ANN). Inicialmente, amostras de minério foram coletadas e processadas para aumentar a lixiviabilidade, reduzindo o tamanho das partículas. O processo de lixiviação empregou água régia modificada com ácido bromídrico devido ao forte reconhecimento molecular entre o íon brometo de ouro e a α-CD. Vários parâmetros de lixiviação, como tempo, concentração de HBr, pH e velocidade de agitação, foram ajustados durante a experimentação. RSM produziu valores ótimos de 7,27 horas, 50 g/L, 1 e 200 rpm, resultando em 98,54% de remoção de ouro, enquanto ANN produziu valores ligeiramente inferiores de 7,5 horas, 50 g/L, 1 e 200 rpm, com 97,16% remoção de ouro. Para a recuperação de ouro α-CD, a otimização de RSM e ANN resultou em 40 minutos, 11,61 g/L e pH 5, atingindo 98,87% e 39,8 minutos, 10,71 g/L e pH 5, com 99,98% de remoção de ouro, respectivamente. Testes de validação apoiaram essas descobertas, indicando que RSM e ANN são métodos bem-sucedidos para otimizar a recuperação de ouro de minério contendo ouro na D.R.C.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Referências

M. M. Muanda, P. P. D. Omalanga, and V. M. Mitonga, "Comparative Cleaning Stages in Recovery of Copper and Cobalt from Tailings using Potassium Amylxanthate as Collector," European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 96–100, 2021, doi: 10.24018/ejeng.2021.6.2.2165.

M. Mukunga, "Recovery of copper and cobalt in the comparative flotation of a sulfide ore using xanthate and dithiophosphate as collectors," International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS), vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 26-29, 2019, doi: 10.31873/IJEAS.6.7.2019.06.

International Labour Organization, "Child labour in mining," Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/ipec/factsheets/WCMS_IPEC_PUB_422/lang--en/index.htm, 2021.

R. Bauma, "The hazardous nature of small-scale underground mining in Ghana," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 174, pp. 1623-1635, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.140.

S. L. Chryssoulis, L. J. Cabri, and X. Xia, "Mineralogical factors affecting gold extractive metallurgy: An update," Minerals Engineering, vol. 134, pp. 42-58, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2019.01.017.

C. Wilson, M. Barnes, C. Munnings, D. Petrie, J. Lynes, and A. Williams, "Bridging the gap between academic research and industry practice: A collaborative approach," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 162, pp. S1-S4, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.022.

C. Musingwini, "Challenges with eradicating illegal mining in Ghana: A perspective from the grassroots," Resources Policy, vol. 57, pp. 13-19, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.01.003.

M. M. Muanda and P. P. D. Omalanga, "Influence of Lead Nitrate on Sulfurizing Flotation of a Copper-Cobalt Oxide Ore," Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST), vol. 18, no. 10, 2021, doi: 10.48048/wjst.2021.9319.

V. K. Gupta and S. Krishnamurthy, "Cyanide in industrial wastewaters and its removal: a review on biotreatment," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 228, pp. 1266-1283, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.331.

R. Ibragimov and A. Jaffari, “Is Bitcoin a Bubble? Evidence from Unit Root Tests with Markov Switching,” Economics Letters, vol. 161, pp. 1-4, 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2017.09.023.

Y. Wang and E. Forssberg, “Mechanical Separation: Overview,” in W. Chen, X. Wang, & J. Liu (Eds.), Mechanical Separation Technology and Separation Processes, pp. 1-31, Elsevier, 2018.

O. I. Adeyeye et al., “Pharmacological Potentials of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African Walnut): A Review,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 213, pp. 205-216, 2018, DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.010.

G. Hilson, “Corporate Social Responsibility in the Extractive Industries: Experiences from Developing Countries,” Resources Policy, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 131-137, 2012, DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2011.05.002.

M. McMahon and M. Westermann-Behaylo, “The Impact of Natural Disasters on Firms: New Evidence on the Influence of Hazard Type and Firm Properties,” Journal of Business Research, vol. 89, pp. 365-373, 2018, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.03.026.

C. E. Murillo-Sánchez and L. G. Reyes-Santacruz, “Catalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Mixed Oxides for the Reduction of Nitro Compounds,” Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 323, article 114733, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114733.

A. M. El-Sayed et al., “Factors Affecting the Choice of Technology in Green Buildings,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 136, article 110484, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110484.

J. Marsden and I. House, “The Chemistry of Gold Extraction,” Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, 2006.

T. M. Fleming et al., “Recommendations for the Design and Implementation of Virtual Reality Therapy Research,” Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 752-762, 2011, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.06.005.

G. Hilson and A. Monhemius, “Alternatives to Cyanide in the Gold Mining Industry: What Prospects for the Future?” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 14, nos. 12-13, pp. 1158-1167, 2006, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.09.005.

H. J. Schulze, “The Chemistry of Gold Extraction,” 2nd ed., Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, 2013.

A. Azizitorghabeh, J. Wang, J. A. Ramsay, and A. Ghahreman, "A Review of Thiocyanate Gold Leaching – Chemistry, Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Processing," Minerals Engineering, vol. 160, article 106689, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106689.

T. H. Bui and K. Seongbeom, "Use of Chitosan for Recovery of Gold from Waste Printed Circuit Boards," Separation Science and Technology, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 2016-2024, 2020, DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1749859.

Y. Ménard, "Gold Processing Techniques in a Carbonaceous Ore: Comparison of Conventional and Torrefaction Roasting Methods" (Master's thesis), Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, 2018.

Y. Lu, "Aqua Regia Leaching of Gold from Waste Mobile Phones," Chemical Engineering Transactions, vol. 56, pp. 361-366, 2017, DOI: 10.3303/CET1756061.

C. Zhang, M. Zhou, and H. Wang, "Adsorption of Gold onto Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology," Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2019, DOI: 10.1007/s11051-018-4457-7.

G. Senanayake and S. Jayaweera, "Alpha-Cyclodextrin as a Novel Lixiviant for Gold Extraction from Refractory Ores," Minerals Engineering, vol. 109, pp. 126-131, 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2017.04.022.

G. Chen, J. Wang, Y. Peng, X. Xu, and J. Li, "Green Synthesis of α-Cyclodextrin Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Sensing of Iodate," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 282, pp. 764-772, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2018.11.055.

Y. Zhang et al., "Recovery of Gold from Electronic Waste Using Alpha-Cyclodextrin," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 318, pp. 588-595, 2016, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.018.

S. K. Sarpong, R. B. Voegborlo, N. A. Amegbey, K. Nyavor, and A. K. Donkor, "Extraction of Gold from a Low-Grade Ore Using Alpha-Cyclodextrin: Optimization through Response Surface Methodology," Heliyon, vol. 7, no. 6, article e07212, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07212.

A. Gudmundsson, B. Kumar, and M. Sillanpää, "Alpha-Cyclodextrin as a Green and Sustainable Solubilizing Agent for Gold Recovery from Refractory Ores," Green Chemistry, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 143-151, 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c4gc01313c.

X. Wang, Y. Yang, R. Liu, and R. Xiao, "Recent Advances in the Application of Alpha-Cyclodextrin in Extraction and Separation of Metal Ions," Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 209, pp. 584-596, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.076.

W.-T. Yen, T.-C. Chiang, Y.-C. Lin, and Y.-C. Wang, "Recovery of Gold from Secondary Sources—A Review," Minerals Engineering, vol. 91, pp. 82-90, 2016, DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2016.01.019.

S. H. Lee, M. S. Kim, J. C. Lee, and W. K. Kim, "Selective Recovery of Gold from Waste Printed Circuit Boards Using α-Cyclodextrin," Minerals Engineering, vol. 140, article 105862, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2019.105862.

D. C. Montgomery, "Design and Analysis of Experiments," John Wiley & Sons, 2017.

D. C. Montgomery, E. A. Peck, and G. G. Vining, "Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis" (Vol. 821), John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

M. M. Muanda and P. P. D. Omalanga, "Modeling and Optimization of Manganese Carbonate Precipitation Using Response Surface Methodology and Central Compound Rotary Design," The Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences, vol. 7, no. 3, article 12632–01, 2021, DOI: 10.18540/jcecvl7iss3pp12632-01-22e.

N. R. Draper and H. Smith, "Applied Regression Analysis," John Wiley & Sons, 2014.

M. S. R. C. Murthy, T. Swaminathan, S. K. Rakshit, and Y. Kosugi, "Statistical Optimization of Lipase Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Methyloleate by Response Surface Methodology," Bioprocess Engineering, vol. 22, pp. 5–39, 2000, DOI: 10.1007/PL00009097.

G. C. Liu and X. L. Wang, "Optimization of Critical Medium Components Using Response Surface Methodology for Biomass and Extracellular Polysaccharide Production by Agaricus Blazei," Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 74, pp. 78-83, 2007, DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0661-6.

S. Singh, A. I. Kanli, and S. Sevgen, "A General Approach for Porosity Estimation Using Artificial Neural Network Method: A Case Study from Kansas Gas Field," Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 130-140, 2016.

G. Ghosh, P. Mandal, and S. C. Mondal, "Modeling and Optimization of Surface Roughness in Keyway Milling Using ANN, Genetic Algorithm, and Particle Swarm Optimization," International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 100, no. 5-8, pp. 1223–1242, 2019.

K. L. Du and M. N. Swamy, "Neural Networks and Statistical Learning," Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.

S. O. Elshabrawy, A. Elhussieny, M. M. Taha, K. Pa, and I. S. Fahim, "International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology," 2023, DOI: 10.1007/s13762-023-04831-x.

O. B. Öztürk and E. Başar, "Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks Based Decision Support System for Energy Efficiency in Shipping," Ocean Engineering, vol. 243, 2022, DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.110209.

J. Kilosho Buraye, N. Stoop, and M. Verpoorten, "Defusing the Social Minefield of Gold Sites in Kamituga, South Kivu: From Legal Pluralism to the Re-making of Institutions?" Resources Policy, vol. 53, pp. 356-368, 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.07.009.

S. Geenen and K. Claessens, "Disputed Access to the Gold Mines in Luhwindja, Eastern D.R. Congo," Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 85-108, 2013, DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X12000609.

N. Petrovic, D. Budjelan, S. Cokic, and B. Nesi, "The Determination of the Content of Gold and Silver in Geological Samples," Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, vol. 66, pp. 45-52, 2001, DOI: 10.2298/JSC0101045P.

K. Karume, C. Musingwini, and D. Bradshaw, "An Investigation into the Effect of Dissolved Oxygen and Cyanide Concentration on the Gold Recovery from a Pyrrhotite-rich Ore," Minerals Engineering, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 61-66, 2006, DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2005.05.002.

M. I. Ejimofor, I. G. Ezemagu, and M. C. Menkiti, "RSM and ANN-GA Modeling of Colloidal Particles Removal from Paint Wastewater via Coagulation Method Using Modified Aguleri Montmorillonite Clay," Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, vol. 4, pp. 100164, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100164.