ProxiFeed-Enabled Dual-Layer Patch Antenna: Enhancing Multi-Frequency Performance for 5G and mmWave Communications

Abstract

The emergence of 5G and millimetre-wave (mmWave) communication has driven demand for high-performance microstrip patch antennas with wide bandwidth, high efficiency, and minimal losses. Conventional single-layer microstrip antennas, while compact and simple to fabricate, suffer from limited bandwidth, poor impedance matching, surface wave losses, and back radiation, making them unsuitable for next-generation systems. This study introduces a novel ProxiFeed-enabled Dual-Layer Resonant Artificial Magnetic Conductor (DRA-Patch) antenna that addresses these challenges. The design integrates a dual-layer stacked patch with Resonance Stacking Enhancement (RSE) to support multi-resonant modes across 28GHz, 38 GHz and 60 GHz frequency bands. A cross-shaped Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) ground plane reduces surface wave losses and enhances radiation performance, while MXene-coated copper is used for both patch and ground plane to minimize conduction losses. A ProxiFeed Radiative Link (PFRL) replaces traditional feeds, enhancing coupling with reduced feedline radiation. Simulations and prototype testing demonstrate substantial improvements: a 3.5 GHz bandwidth per band, 14.8 dB peak gain, radiation efficiency above 99.75%, and S11 below −37.09dB. The proposed antenna achieves compact, multi-band operation with excellent electromagnetic compatibility, ideal for 5G, satellite, and IoT applications. This work sets a new standard in patch antenna design by resolving critical limitations of existing structures and offering a scalable solution for advanced high-frequency communication technologies.