A Hybrid Approach for Energy-Efficient Routing and Secure Data Transmission in WSN-IoT with an Analytical Framework for Enhanced Data Aggregation

Abstract

Energy-efficient routing and safe data transfer are two major issues that Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and the Internet of Things (IoT) must address. The primary challenges stem from the limited communication range, unreliable wireless links, and the fact that the data transit is multi-hop. One shortcoming of this approach is the inability to develop a solution that simultaneously achieve optimal energy consumption, routing efficiency, and secure data delivery. This limitation adversely affects each node‘s energy levels and energy depletion factors, ultimately reducing the overall life time of a the network. By solving these issues when implementing secure delivery of data inhibit the amount of usable energy in the network system as a whole. This study suggests a hybrid energy-aware routing method to address these problems by combining Tabu Flower Pollination Algorithm (TFPA) and Fuzzy Clustering (FC), which systematically calculates the optimal clustering using sensor node cluster parameters, focusing on energy levels and spatial relationships. It provides a mechanism for transferring information between nodes, optimizing the cluster nodes, and ensure that the entire network operates under low levels of energy and congestion. A hierarchical routing model is employed based on a fitness function energy efficiency and distance travelled, and must be able to assure that nodes operate correctly and optimally. The load is evenly distributed across the network, minimizing loss of energy as nodes are utilizing their energy and capabilities properly. Simulation result using the NS-3 network simulator show improvements in network throughput of 4.6 Kbits/sec, a packet delivery ratio (PDR) of 8.2 bytes, and a network lifetime of 350 units of time. These results provide evidence that the TFPA-FC algorithm improves network and operational efficiency compared to traditional methods while also improving ecological resilience by providing viable, energy-efficient, and secure, and transmission in IoT network.