Efectos de las condiciones de lubricación en las fuerzas de mecanizado y la rugosidad de la superficie en el ranurado radial
Resumen
El ranurado radial es un proceso de mecanizado que generalmente se aplica para generar ranuras para el alivio de la rosca, el posicionamiento de la junta tórica o incluso las operaciones de corte. Debido a las altas fuerzas de mecanizado y a la dificultad de remoción de viruta, el ranurado radial se considera un proceso crítico y los fluidos de corte se aplican generalmente para enfriar, lubricar y ayudar en la remoción de viruta. El aire comprimido (AIR) y la lubricación de cantidad mínima (MQL) son métodos de lubricación por enfriamiento estudiados como alternativas ecológicas a las aplicaciones convencionales de inundación (WET) de los fluidos de corte. Aunque ya se aplica desde hace años en varios procesos de mecanizado, la investigación asociada al uso de técnicas alternativas de enfriamiento por lubricación en el ranurado radial es incipiente. Este trabajo presenta un análisis comparativo de estos métodos (WET, MQL y AIR) y sus efectos de ranurado radial. En cada caso, se utilizó un diseño factorial de experimentos para evaluar la influencia de las condiciones de lubricación-enfriamiento, la velocidad de corte y la velocidad de avance sobre la fuerza de avance, la fuerza de corte y la rugosidad de la superficie. Los resultados indican que tanto AIR como MQL pueden ser sustitutos adecuados de la lubricación HÚMEDA tradicional cuando se consideran los componentes de fuerza activa y el acabado de la superficie. Además, se obtuvieron fuerzas de corte menores con el mecanizado AIR para ranurado radial, seguido del mecanizado MQL y WET.
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