Costo de aumentar el carbono orgánico del suelo durante un cuarto de siglo en una llanura turca semiárida: la llanura de Harran
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/jetia.v8i36.821Resumen
Durante décadas, los científicos han estado estudiando el papel del carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) en el medio ambiente. El COS en las tierras agrícolas puede aumentar si se cumplen condiciones como la retención adecuada de agua en el suelo, una nutrición equilibrada, labranza mínima, rotación de cultivos, residuos orgánicos agregados y fertilizantes. Sin embargo, implementar todas estas medidas requiere mucho tiempo, grandes gastos y un enorme esfuerzo, particularmente en tierras áridas y semiáridas donde la acumulación de materia orgánica es difícil; dicho agotamiento puede atribuirse a las condiciones oxidantes del suelo. Como resultado, el costo a largo plazo de aumentar el carbono orgánico es un territorio desconocido para los encargados de formular políticas y los usuarios de la tierra. En este contexto, la llanura de Harran del sureste de Turquía, que limita con las tierras áridas del norte de Siria, brinda la oportunidad de calcular el costo de un aumento unitario de carbono orgánico como resultado de un cambio drástico en el cultivo durante 30 años de riego. Intentamos revelar el precio del aumento del carbono orgánico en una región semiárida que está lejos de las prácticas agrícolas sostenibles después del riego en este estudio. El carbono orgánico en la llanura aumentó en 14,93 t. C/ha, es decir, 0,28 % en promedio, muy por debajo de la iniciativa COP 21 de 0,4 % de aumento anual. Cuando se calcularon los gastos de inversión en la red de riego, el uso anual de fertilizantes y la necesidad de mano de obra para la producción agrícola para toda la llanura de Harran desde 1995 hasta 2018, se calculó que una tonelada de C/ha en la llanura de Harran cuesta US$ 491,19. Podemos estimar que el aumento total del SOC sobre 167.400 ha costó alrededor de $1.047.029.777. Esto reveló que aumentar el SOC en climas semiáridos es una meta costosa.
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Referencias
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