Custo de aumentar o carbono orgânico do solo por um quarto de século em uma planície turca semi-árida: Planície de Harran
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/jetia.v8i36.821Resumo
Há décadas, os cientistas estudam o papel do carbono orgânico do solo (SOC) no meio ambiente. O SOC em terras agrícolas pode aumentar se condições como retenção adequada de água no solo, nutrição equilibrada, preparo mínimo, rotação de culturas, adição de resíduos orgânicos e fertilizantes forem atendidas. No entanto, a implementação de todas essas medidas leva muito tempo, grandes gastos e enorme esforço, principalmente em terras semi-áridas e áridas onde o acúmulo de matéria orgânica é difícil; tal esgotamento pode ser atribuído a condições oxidantes do solo. Como resultado, o custo de longo prazo do aumento do carbono orgânico é um território desconhecido para os formuladores de políticas e usuários da terra. Nesse contexto, a planície de Harran no sudeste da Turquia, que faz fronteira com as terras áridas do norte da Síria, oferece uma oportunidade para calcular o custo de um aumento unitário de carbono orgânico como resultado de uma mudança drástica no cultivo ao longo de 30 anos de irrigação. Tentamos revelar o preço do aumento do carbono orgânico em uma região semi-árida que está longe de práticas agrícolas sustentáveis após a irrigação neste estudo. O carbono orgânico na planície aumentou em 14,93 t. C/ha, ou seja, 0,28% em média, o que está bem abaixo da iniciativa da COP 21 de 0,4% de aumento anual. Quando as despesas de investimento da rede de irrigação, o uso anual de fertilizantes e a necessidade de mão de obra para a produção agrícola foram calculados para toda a planície de Harran de 1995 a 2018, calculou-se que uma tonelada C/ha na planície de Harran custa US$ 491,19. Podemos estimar que o aumento total do SOC em 167.400 ha custou cerca de $ 1.047.029.777. Isso revelou que aumentar o SOC em climas semiáridos é uma meta cara.
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